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Native Alaskan Research
There are three separate groups of native Alaskans who make up the
population. These three tribes are the Athabascan, the Tlingit, and the Haida.
The Athabascan tribal area originally covered most of the Alaskan interior, the
Tlingit tribe occupied the southeastern and some coastal areas of Alaska, and
the Haida tribe was largely confined to the island of Prince of Wales in
southeastern Alaska. The major groups of Alaskan Native Americans and their
numerous offshoots now number about 22,000 persons.
The native population also consists of those inappropriately called
“Eskimos.” These groups differ in origin from what could be called the Indians.
The Eskimos call themselves Inuit (or Inupiat) and Yupik, all of which mean
“people,” and number about 50,000. About 8,000 Inuits are Aleuts. The Dawes Act
(1924) extended United States citizenship to all Native Americans, including
Alaska natives. The Russian Orthodox Church is the predominant religion of the
Aleuts, and many other Inuits still practice native religions. A valued
collection of Barrow “Eskimo” genealogy is Genealogical Records of Barrow Eskimo
Families, compiled by Edna MacLean (Barrow, Alaska: Naval Arctic Research
Laboratory, 1971), which is on microfiche at the E.E. Rasmuson Library and the
FHL. Many Native Alaskan records are available, including the Juneau Area Agency
records (1905–64), which are at the National Archives—Pacific Alaska Region and
on microfilm at the FHL. These records include such things as student case
files, welfare case files, and individual accounts. Juneau Agency School records
(1927–52) include school censuses, applications, village histories, age lists of
village children, and village censuses.
Another valuable collection that should be examined when conducting Native
Alaskan research is the Oregon Province Archives of the Society of Jesus Alaska
Mission Collection. This massive collection of records covers twenty-four Jesuit
mission stations in Alaska between 1886 and 1955. The mission records typically
generated by these Jesuit missions include diaries, censuses, and church records
for the native population.
Mission stations included in this massive collection are Akularak, Andreafsky,
Bethel District, Chaniliut, Dillingham, Douglas, Eagle, Fairbanks, Holy Cross,
Hooper Bay, Juneau, Kashunuk, Ketchikan, King Island and Little Diomede,
Kokrines, Kotzebue, Mountain Village, Nome, Nulato, Pilgrim Springs, Pilot
Station, St. Michael, Southeast Alaska (Cordova, Seward, Sitka, Skagway, Valdez,
and Wrangell), and Tanana.
This collection is on file at the Oregon Province Archives, Crosby Library,
Gonzaga University, in Spokane, Washington, with microfilm copies available. For
a guide to the microfilm version of these collections, refer to Robert C.
Carriker, Jennifer Ann Boharski, Eleanor R. Carriker, and Clifford A. Carroll,
Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Oregon Province Archives of the Society of
Jesus Alaska Mission Collection (Spokane, Wash.: Gonzaga University, 1980).
A valuable book in the study of the native Alaskans is June Helms, The Indians
of the Subarctic: A Critical Bibliography (Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, n.d.). This bibliography provides many sources concerning culture,
individual tribes, and historical and contemporary issues.
In researching Native Alaskan dispersals, the following major sources should
not be overlooked: Indian Agency records of British Columbia, the Yukon, and
Washington State; the Chemawa Indian School (see Ethnic Groups of Oregon); and
early Catholic parish records of Washington State.
The search for Native dispersals should also stretch as far east as Manitoba,
Canada. A Manitoba source that should not be overlooked is D.N. Sprague and R.P.
Frye’s work, The Genealogy of the First Metis Nation: The Development and
Dispersal of the Red River Settlement, 1820–1900 (Winnipeg, Manitoba: Pemmican
Publications, 1983).
Alaska
Inter-Tribal Council
— The Alaska Inter-Tribal Council, as a statewide consortium of First
Nations, which share a common bond with unique cultures, language, spirituality,
and traditional values, declare our intent to proactively advocate for, protect,
defend, and enhance our inherent rights, as self-determining tribal sovereigns.
Alaska
Native Heritage Center — Alaska is a land of diverse Native peoples: the Athabascan of interior
and southcentral Alaska, the Yup'ik and Cup'ik Eskimo of southwest Alaska, the
Inupiaq and St. Lawrence Island Yupik of northwest to northern Alaska, the Aleut
and Alutiiq from Prince William Sound to the end of the Aleutian Island chain,
and the Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian of southeast Alaska. Today s
indigenous Alaska Natives live in cities, towns, and villages separated by vast
distances.
Alaska Natives Online — Alaska Native American Indian anthems, flags, history, art, celebrities, culture, dance, storytelling, picture, music, languages, books,
writers, radio, media, tribe, genealogy. Alaska Natives Online, tourist
attractions. Alaska Native and American Indian issues, internet resources.
Inupiat of Artic Alaska — "Prior to the arrival of European explorers in the late 18th and early
19th century, Arctic Alaska, stretching from Norton Sound to the Canadian
border, was the location of numerous distinct Inupiaq-speaking groups each
associated with a particular territory. As described by Ernest Burch Jr., an
anthropologist with extensive knowledge of northwest Alaskan Inupiat, some of
these people remained close to their home districts while others were more
mobile. All, however, tended to be endogamous. That is, along with spatial
differentiation, marriages commonly occurred within rather than between groups."
- quote from the web site.
Tlingit and
Haida Indian Tribes — The Central Council represents over 24,000 Tlingit and Haida Indians
worldwide. We are a sovereign entity and have a government to government
relationship with the United States. The Council's headquarters is in Juneau,
Alaska but our commitment to serving the Tlingit and Haida people extends
throughout the United States.
Kenneth Lea’s Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian Genealogy
—
This website contains the most comprehensive collection of
genealogical information on Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian people. It has been
compiled by Kenneth Lea and is regularly updated. Researchers can search for
individuals alphabetically by surname or by keyword.
Two files are available for you at
this site that may help you in your research:
Both files are in PDF format.
To view them you'll need a PDF reader which you can
get here.
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Alaska Regional Office
Bureau of Indian Affairs
PO Box 21647
709 West 9th Street
Juneau, AK 99802
Telephone: 907-586-7177
Telefax: 907-586-7252
CDIBs (Certificates of Degree of Indian Blood):
(907) 586-7635
CDIBs (Certificates of Degree of Indian Blood) (800)
645-8397, press 2
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Anchorage Agency
Bureau of Indian Affairs
3601 C Street Suite 1100
Anchorage, AK 99503-5947
Telephone: 1-800-645-8465,
press 1
CDIBs (Certificates of Degree of Indian Blood):
(907) 271-4477
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ALASKA REGION -- TRIBES SERVED
(See the Tribal Leaders Directory (above, left)
Alaska page for agency addresses)
Angoon Community Association (IRA)
Central Council Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska
Chilkat Indian Village (Klukwan) (IRA)
Chilkoot Indian Association (IRA)
Chinik Eskimo Community
Craig Community Association (IRA)
Douglas Indian Association (IRA)
Elim IRA Council
Gambell IRA Council
Hoonah Indian Association (IRA)
Hydaburg Cooperative Assn. (IRA)
Ketchikan Indian Corporation (IRA)
King Island Native Community (IRA)
Klawock Cooperative Association
Kobuk Traditional Council
Mary's Igloo Traditional Council
Native Village of Ambler
Native Village of Brevig Mission
Native Village of Buckland (IRA)
Native Village of Council
Native Village of Deering (IRA)
Native Village of Diomede (IRA) (aka Inalik)
Native Village of Kiana
Native Village of Kivalina (IRA)
Native Village of Kotzebue (IRA)
Native Village of Koyuk (IRA)
Native Village of Noatak (IRA)
Native Village of Savoonga (IRA)
Native Village of Shaktoolik (IRA)
Native Village of Shishmaref (IRA)
Native Village of Shungnak (IRA)
Native Village of St. Michael (IRA)
Native Village of Wales (IRA)
Native Village of White Mountain (IRA)
Nome Eskimo Community
Noorvik Native Community (IRA)
Organized Village of Kake (IRA)
Organized Village of Kasaan (IRA)
Organized Village of Saxman (IRA)
Petersburg Indian Association (IRA)
Sitka Tribe of Alaska (IRA)
Wrangell Cooperative Assn. (IRA)
Yakutat Tlingit Tribe |
Fairbanks Agency:
Alatna Village
Allakaket Village
Anvik Village
Arctic Village Council
Atqasuk Village
Beaver Village Council
Birch Creek Tribal Council
Chalkyitsik Village Council
Circle Native Community (IRA)
Evansville Village
Fairbanks Agency
Healy Lake Village
Holy Cross Village
Hughes Village
Huslia Village Council
Inupiat Community of Arctic Slope (IRA)
Kaktovik Village
Kaltag Tribal Council
Koyukuk Native Village
Louden Tribal Council
Manley Hot Springs Village
McGrath Native Village Council
Native Village of Barrow Inupiat Traditional Government
Native Village of Eagle (IRA)
Native Village of Fort Yukon (IRA)
Native Village of Minto (IRA)
Native Village of Nuiqsut
Native Village of Point Hope (IRA)
Native Village of Point Lay (IRA)
Native Village of Stevens (IRA)
Native Village of Tanana (IRA)
Native Village of Tetlin (IRA)
Native Village of Unalakleet (IRA)
Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government (IRA)
Nenana Native Association
Nikolai Village
Northway Village
Nulato Tribal Council
Organized Village of Grayling (IRA)
Rampart Village
Ruby Tribal Council
Selawik IRA Council
Shageluk Native Village (IRA)
Solomon Traditional Council
Stebbins Community Association (IRA)
Takotna Village
Tanacross Village Council
Telida Village
Teller Traditional Council
Venetie Village Council
Village of Anaktuvuk Pass
Village of Dot Lake
Village of Wainwright |
Western-Central Alaska Agency:
Native Village of Aleknagik
Agdaagux Tribe of King Cove
Akiachak Native Community (IRA)
Akiak Native Community (IRA)
Aleut Community of St. Paul Island
Algaaciq Native Village
Asa'carsarmiut Tribe
Cheesh-Na Tribal Council
Chevak Native Village
Chickaloon Native Village
Chignik Lagoon Council
Chignik Lake Village
Chitina Traditional Indian Village Council
Chuloonawick Native Village
Curyung Tribal Council
Egegik Village
Eklutna Native Village
Ekwok Village
Emmonak Village
Gulkana Village
Igiugig Village
Iqurmiut Traditonal Council
Ivanoff Bay Village Council
Kaguyak Village
Kenaitze Indian Tribe (IRA)
King Salmon Tribe
Knik Village
Kokhanok Village
Kongiganak Traditional Council
Larsen Bay Tribal Council
Lesnoi Village
Levelock Village
Lime Village Traditional Council
Manokotak Village
Mentasta Lake Tribal Council
Naknek Native Village
Native Village of Afognak
Native Village of Akhiok
Native Village of Akutan
Native Village of Atka
Native Village of Belkofski
Native Village of Bill Moore's Slough
Native Village of Cantwell
Native Village of Chenega
Native Village of Chignik
Native Village of Chuathbaluk
Native Village of Crooked Creek
Native Village of Eek
Native Village of Ekuk
Native Village of Eyak
Native Village of False Pass
Native Village of Gakona
Native Village of Georgetown
Native Village of Goodnews Bay
Native Village of Hamilton
Native Village of Hooper Bay
Native Village of Kanatak (IRA)
Native Village of Karluk (IRA)
Native Village of Kasigluk
Native Village of Kipnuk
Native Village of Kluti-Kaah (aka Copper Center)
Native Village of Kwigillingok
Native Village of Kwinhagak (IRA)
Native Village of Marshall
Native Village of Mekoryuk (IRA)
Native Village of Nanwalek (aka English Bay)
Native Village of Napaimute
Native Village of Napakiak (IRA)
Native Village of Napaskiak
Native Village of Nikolski (IRA)
Native Village of Nunapitchuk (IRA)
Native Village of Ouzinkie
Native Village of Paimiut
Native Village of Perryville Tribal Council
Native Village of Pitka's Point
Native Village of Port Heiden
Native Village of Sheldon Point
Native Village of South Naknek
Native Village of Tatitlek (IRA)
Native Village of Tazlina
Native Village of Tyonek (IRA)
Nelson Lagoon Tribal Council
New Koliganek Village Council
New Stuyahok Village
Newhalen Village
Newtok Traditional Council
Nightmute Traditional Council
Ninilchik Traditional Council
Nondalton Village
Nunakauyarmiut Tribe
Ohogamuit Traditional Council
Organized Village of Kwethluk (IRA)
Orutsararmuit Native Council
Oscarville Tribal Council
Pauloff Harbor Village
Pedro Bay Village Council
Pilot Point Tribal Council
Pilot Station Traditional Village
Platinum Traditional Village Council
Port Graham Village Council
Port Lions Traditional Tribal Council
Portage Creek Village Council
Qagan Tayagungin Tribe of Sand Point Village
Qawalangin Tribe of Unalaska
Scammon Bay Traditional Council
Seldovia Village Tribe (IRA)
Skagway Village
Sleetmute Traditional Council
St. George Traditional Council
Sun'aq Tribe of Kodiak
Traditional Village of Togiak
Tuluksak Native Community (IRA)
Tuntutuliak Traditional Council
Tununak IRA Council
Twin Hills Village Council
Ugashik Traditional Village Council
Umkumiut Native Village
Unga Tribal Council
Village of Alakanuk
Village of Aniak
Village of Atmautluak
Village of Chefornak
Village of Clarks Point
Village of Iliamna
Village of Kalskag
Village of Kotlik
Village of Lower Kalskag
Village of Old Harbor
Village of Red Devil
Village of Salamatoff
Village of Stony River
West-Central Alaska Agency
Yupiit of Andreafski
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